Aprendizaje basado en proyectos como metodología activa en niños, niñas y adolescentes: efectos sobre el aprendizaje, la motivación y la participación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63415/saga.v3i3.464Palabras clave:
método de aprendizaje, motivación, participación estudiantil, rendimiento escolar, enseñanza primaria, enseñanza secundariaResumen
Introducción: El aprendizaje basado en proyectos constituye una metodología activa orientada a promover construcción de conocimiento, autonomía, cooperación y participación durante la escolaridad. Objetivos: analizar evidencia científica publicada entre 2021 y 2026 acerca de los efectos del aprendizaje basado en proyectos sobre aprendizaje, motivación y participación de niños, niñas y adolescentes, además de identificar factores pedagógicos vinculados con variaciones entre investigaciones. Métodos: se desarrolló una revisión sistemática orientada por PRISMA 2020, mediante búsquedas en bases académicas internacionales y aplicación de criterios de elegibilidad para integrar estudios experimentales, cuasiexperimentales, cualitativos, mixtos, metaanálisis y revisiones pertinentes. La información fue organizada mediante una matriz de extracción y una síntesis temática centrada en aprendizaje, motivación y participación. Resultados: la evidencia presentó una tendencia favorable en rendimiento académico, comprensión conceptual, pensamiento crítico, motivación, autonomía, colaboración y compromiso estudiantil; la magnitud de los efectos varió según nivel educativo, disciplina, duración, organización grupal, acompañamiento docente, fidelidad de implementación y procedimiento evaluativo. Conclusiones: el aprendizaje basado en proyectos posee capacidad para favorecer resultados cognitivos, motivacionales y participativos cuando articula objetivos curriculares explícitos, problemas significativos, autonomía graduada, colaboración estructurada, retroalimentación continua y evaluación coherente, aunque la heterogeneidad metodológica limita la atribución de una magnitud universal a sus efectos recientes.
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Derechos de autor 2026 José Luis Gutiérrez Jiménez, Alexandra Janneth Jadán Torres, María del Cisne León Romero, Joselyn Amanda Franco Benenaula (Autor/a)
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