New perspectives in cardiovascular disease prevention: From early detection to community-based interventions

Resumen

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, driven by biological, behavioral, and social determinants. This study evaluated the impact of integrating biomarker-based early detection with culturally tailored community interventions on cardiovascular risk across diverse populations. A stratified observational design included adults aged 18 to 75 years from different socioeconomic and educational backgrounds, with balanced representation of men and women. Participants underwent biomarker testing for blood pressure, glucose, and lipids, and completed lifestyle surveys on diet, physical activity, and smoking status. Interventions included dietary counseling, peer-led support groups, and mobile health tools. Outcomes were assessed by changes in clinical indicators and prevalence of multiple risk factors. Results showed significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (mean −10 mmHg), fasting glucose (−12 mg/dL), and LDL cholesterol (−15%). Lifestyle changes included increased adherence to physical activity guidelines (42% to 61%), improved healthy diet adherence (36% to 54%), and a reduction in smoking prevalence (non-smokers from 79% to 86%). Subgroup analyses demonstrated benefits across genders, age groups, socioeconomic strata, and educational levels, with the greatest reductions observed in high baseline risk individuals (≥2 risk factors: 52% to 33%). The study concludes that combining early detection with community-based strategies provides measurable improvements in both clinical and behavioral determinants of CVD risk. These findings support multilevel prevention frameworks and suggest that integrated approaches can reduce disparities and contribute to lowering the global burden of cardiovascular disease.